Research as Inquiry (Frame 4)

Submitted by Tricia Martone on January 16th, 2025
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Short Description: 

This an an active learning class using a jigsaw for teaching how to use Web of Science (25 minutes) and a modified Send-A-Problem (renamed Send Along) activity (15 minutes) that covers keyword brainstorming, practicing searching, evaluating the relevance of sources for a given topic, and considering whether that research topic is right-sized.

The lesson was designed for an environmental studies class with 6 students, though it can be scaled up. The Web of Science jigsaw had 3 groups of 2 each teaching themselves in their pairs the contents of one of the handouts. Students were then shuffled so that each student in each of the 2 new groups of 3 had worked on a separate handout. The students then taught each other what they learned, combining the knowledge of the three handouts. Students were put in pairs for the Send Along activity. All groups completed #1, then passed their paper to the left, and this was repeated for #2 and #3. Papers were passed once more after #3 was complete so that groups ended up with their original paper. The topics of the send along activity were curated such that one topic was too specific, one was right sized, and the other too broad. Reflection on the activity (5-10 minutes) included discussion around what makes a right-sized research question, how useful some Web of Science features were for their searches, how keyword choices impacted their searches, and what they might do differently in future.

This lesson was created by Tricia Martone, Alexis Gomez, and Abigail Murdy during the 2024 Librarians Active Learning Institute (LALI) at Dartmouth Libraries, and has been used by Tricia in one-shot library instruction in undergraduate classes. 

Learning Outcomes: 
  • Students will be able to identify primary peer-reviewed literature relevant to their topic.
  • Students will be able to apply search strategies to locate relevant peer-reviewed sources for their topic.
  • Students will be able to distinguish whether a research topic is broad, too specific, or just right.

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 

This was created for and used in the Librarians Active Learning Institute (LALI) 2024 practicum. Tricia has since used it in an earth sciences undergraduate class (5 students), and created a modified version of the jigsaw for ProQuest Central in a first-year writing seminar in the earth sciences department (16 students). 

For numbers that aren't even, like the 5 students, I asked the instructor to step in to fill the 6th spot so that the jigsaw could function. It's important to have at least one person in each group that worked on each handout. For the class of 16 students, I still had 3 handouts and kept close to a 3 by 5. For teaching themselves, I had 2 groups of 5 and 1 group of 6, then for mixing, I had 4 groups of 3 and 1 group of 4. The group of 4 had two people who worked on the same handout, so those two team-taught the others in their group. This worked well scaled up, though the classroom can get loud. Scaling beyond 16 may require separating the class into a couple groups and then doing the jigsaw among each group (i.e. 36 students might become 3 groups of 12, and then you break it down from there).

Assessment or Criteria for Success
Assessment Short Description: 
Students will be able to apply search strategies through Web of Science to find and assess 2 resources on a paper topic. Students will be able to articulate when a search topic isn’t specific enough to be able to narrow in on relevant sources.
Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 

The jigsaw will need a room where students can group up. A lecture hall or room with immovable furniture that's far apart may not accomodate this activity. Students also need to bring laptops to class, so if the instructor doesn't want this, the activity won't be possible.

The send-along that teaches about how to right-size a research question needs very curated topics in order to get this particular part of the lesson across. This landed really well with the topics included in these handouts, but different prompts I used in the Earth Sciences class I taught this in fell flat, though students still got something out of the activity. They instead reflected on what makes a paper relevant to a topic, which was also valuable for them.

Suggested Citation: 
Martone, Tricia. "Strategic Searching and Research Question Evaluation." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2025. https://projectcora.org/assignment/strategic-searching-and-research-question-evaluation.
Submitted by Olga Koz on October 14th, 2024
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Short Description: 

The literature review design (LRD) tool helps design a traditional review nested in the dissertation or thesis. It was created based on the interactive Hopscotch research design framework (Jorrin-Abellan, 2020). 

  • Students are asked to answer questions in the LRD form and engage with resources in the Guide to LRD. 
  • Students may stop working on the form (after steps 3, 5, and 6) and submit preliminary results (Save & Submit).
  •  Ultimately, they will receive the graphical representation of the literature review (table) and literature review protocol. 
Attachments: 
AttachmentSize
LRD Form_Graphic_24.docxdisplayed 457 times366 KB
AttachmentSize
TLED9900LR-Syllabus-Summer 2024.docxdisplayed 872 times91.78 KB
Learning Outcomes: 
  • Evaluate the role that literature review has in planning research.
  • Differentiate between the types/genres of literature reviews, their methodology, strengths, limitations, and sources of bias, and select the appropriate type of review.
  • Distinguish between the types and levels of evidence/literature/publications and select the appropriate ones for review.
  • Develop and apply the systematic literature-searching strategy and the protocol for evidence collection.
  • Frame the proposed research theoretically and conceptually
  • Reveal research, conceptual, and methodological gaps.
  • Sharpen critical thinking skills while analyzing and appraising evidence.
  • Synthesize the literature analysis results to inform your study's research questions, design, and framework.
  • Submit the draft of the literature review for a dissertation proposal or Chapter 2 of the dissertation.
Discipline: 
Education

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 

The LRD tool was a formative and summative assignment for the course "Literature review for Ed.D. students." Each step in designing the literature review protocol included various activities ( watching a video tutorial, answering questions, or attending search and analysis sessions.

Additional Instructor Resources (e.g. in-class activities, worksheets, scaffolding applications, supplemental modules, further readings, etc.): 

The course syllabus includes activities (video and other self-paced tutorials, working on the interactive form, AI applications).

Assessment or Criteria for Success
(e.g. rubric, guidelines, exemplary sample paper, etc.): 
AttachmentSize
LR_Rubric.docxdisplayed 408 times21.3 KB
Assessment Short Description: 
Literature Review rubrics
Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 
Suggested Citation: 
Koz, Olga. "Dissertation's Literature Review." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2024. https://projectcora.org/assignment/dissertations-literature-review.
Submitted by Andrea Brooks on October 14th, 2024
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Short Description: 

Two librarians at NKU developed an Informed Voting workshop to help students navigate information during the 2024 election season. Attendees were provided a worksheet to learn about the candidates/issues on their ballot and dig into one issue/race to investigate during the workshop.

Attachments: 
AttachmentSize
Voting Workshop Plandisplayed 574 times36.13 KB
Voting Workshop Slidesdisplayed 633 times2.95 MB
Voter Workshop Worksheetdisplayed 574 times25.1 KB
Learning Outcomes: 
Locate voter information to identify who and what is on their ballot
Use relevant and credible news sources to make informed voting decisions

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 

This was a workshop designed for our campus community and open for anyone, though marketing targeted the student population. We are also considering how to offer this workshop as an option for a class.

Additional Instructor Resources (e.g. in-class activities, worksheets, scaffolding applications, supplemental modules, further readings, etc.): 
Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 
Collaborators: 
Suggested Citation: 
Brooks, Andrea. "Voter Workshop." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2024. https://projectcora.org/assignment/voter-workshop.
Submitted by Tierney Gleason on May 16th, 2023
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Short Description: 

These slides were developed for a high school class visiting our academic library. Their assignment was to learn how to do legal research to write a history paper on a Congressional bill or Supreme Court case.

Attachments: 
AttachmentSize
IntroToLegalResearch_Congress_SupremeCourt.pptxdisplayed 607 times2.18 MB
Learning Outcomes: 
  • Choosing and refining a research topic

  • Performing background research

  • Working with secondary and primary sources geared towards legal topics

Discipline: 
HistoryLaw

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 
Additional Instructor Resources (e.g. in-class activities, worksheets, scaffolding applications, supplemental modules, further readings, etc.): 
Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 
  • This session was designed for high school students who had limited access to an academic library. Emphasis on open access options was important.

Slides were designed for flipping back and forth with live searching rather than following the slides in linear order with no interruptions.

Suggested Citation: 
Gleason, Tierney. "Introduction to Legal Research." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2023. https://projectcora.org/assignment/introduction-legal-research.
Submitted by Tierney Gleason on May 15th, 2023
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Short Description: 

Learn how to go beneath the headlines and current debates to examine the text of laws and/or proposed legislation with a focus on Congress, the Supreme Court, Executive Orders, and state legislatures. This introductory workshop will highlight library resources, open government resources, and search strategies to support researchers across many disciplines and interest areas to navigate legal and legislative history resources.

Attachments: 
AttachmentSize
Workshop Slidesdisplayed 738 times1.52 MB
Lesson Plandisplayed 584 times18.23 KB
Learning Outcomes: 
  • - Participants will understand the importance of collecting background information to support searching for laws & legislative history.
  • - Participants will learn about the pros & cons of library databases versus open government resources.
  • - Participants will become reacquainted with civics/how government works as they learn to select information resources based on jurisdiction and navigate database limiters that organize information by legislative activity and/or document type.
Discipline: 
Law

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 

Iterations of this session have been offered as workshops. This session appeals to students across many disciplines who use legal research (Journalism, Social Work, Education, Political Science, History, etc) as well as activists, genealogists, and more.

Additional Instructor Resources (e.g. in-class activities, worksheets, scaffolding applications, supplemental modules, further readings, etc.): 

Lesson plan includes search examples and background information that help with searching for legal resources.

Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 
Suggested Citation: 
Gleason, Tierney. "Researching Laws & Legislation." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2023. https://projectcora.org/assignment/researching-laws-legislation.
Submitted by Ellen Carey on April 14th, 2023
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Short Description: 

The SIFT* & PICK approach to evaluating sources adapts and builds on Mike Caulfield's SIFT method to help students select quality sources by practicing:

  • Lateral Reading (SIFT): fact-checking by examining other sources and internet fact-checking tools; and
  • Vertical Reading (PICK): examining the source itself to decide whether it is the best choice for their needs.

*The SIFT method was created by Mike Caulfield under a CC BY 4.0 International License.

Attachments: 
AttachmentSize
SIFT & PICK Fact Checking & Source Evaluation.pdfdisplayed 3097 times566.56 KB
SIFT & PICK Fact Checking & Source Evaluation without Luria Library branding.pdfdisplayed 2029 times375.72 KB
Learning Outcomes: 

After learning the SIFT & PICK Fact Checking & Source Evaluation process, students will be better able to:

  • Distinguish between lateral and vertical reading strategies for source evaluation
  • Use lateral reading strategies to fact-check information
  • Use vertical reading strategies to select the most appropriate sources for their particular needs
  • Consider how a particular source relates to a body of knowledge on a topic
Discipline: 
Multidisciplinary

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 

At Santa Barbara City College, we use SIFT & PICK in many instructional materials (e.g. research guides and Canvas modules) and guide students through this fact checking and source evaluation process in instruction interactions (research workshops, at the reference desk, in our Library 101 course, etc.).

Additional Instructor Resources (e.g. in-class activities, worksheets, scaffolding applications, supplemental modules, further readings, etc.): 

The SIFT & PICK pdf and LibGuide include links to other fact fact checking and source evaluation resources.

Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 

When teaching the SIFT & PICK Fact Checking & Source Evaluation process, we emphasize the need for both fact checking (SIFT) and critical thinking in regard to selecting which source(s) to use (PICK). When we use SIFT & PICK in research workshops, we choose which concepts and/or ACRL Frames to emphasize based on the course assignment and/or goals of the workshop.

Suggested Citation: 
Carey, Ellen. "SIFT & PICK Fact Checking & Source Evaluation." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2023. https://projectcora.org/assignment/sift-pick-fact-checking-source-evaluation.
Submitted by Kelleen Maluski on March 31st, 2022
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Short Description: 

The first in a series of six courses, students focus on the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Plan involving prescription medications, patient history and more complex patient cases with an emphasis on culture humility. This one-shot is intended to help solidfy the lessons taught in previous classes I have with the students (such as Boolean and library services) and allow them to explore the needs of searching for traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine. This is less about structuring a perfect search and more about reviewing different types of search interfaces and the results within them. While I use Padlet and Kahoot I also print out all questions and prompts to better adhere to universal design standards. Each group is given a prompt based on a plant and information that is taken from the book "Iwigara: American Indian Ethnobotanical Traditions and Science" by Enrique Salmon and they are given a print out of the section their prompt is from. This way they read about the plant's history, medicinal properties, cultural importance, and more before beginning their searches.

Learning Outcomes: 
  1. Students will feel comfortable with analyzing and evaluating different types of resources, beginning to confront critical issues within research, such as who writes the prevalent narrative and how implicit bias and cultural norms are represented within said research.

  2. Students will understand research as an iterative process, with various search strategies and the need to adapt based on the resource they are using. This will also require understanding how to evaluate the search mechanisms and resources they find. 

  3. Students will be able to manage their searches and research.

Discipline: 
Health

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 
Additional Instructor Resources (e.g. in-class activities, worksheets, scaffolding applications, supplemental modules, further readings, etc.): 
Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 
Suggested Citation: 
Maluski, Kelleen. "Pharmacy: Aspects of Patient Care Literature Searching." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2022. https://projectcora.org/assignment/pharmacy-aspects-patient-care-literature-searching.
Submitted by Kaitlin Springmier on February 28th, 2022
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Short Description: 

An icebreaker activity for students at any level, “Visualizing Research” employs tactile or kinesthetic learning techniques to illustrate research as inquiry. This group activity can be used in a variety of disciplines and contexts. By having students create and share visual models of their ideas or experiences with research, the lesson plan increases classroom engagement and supports an understanding of the iterative process of research.

Learning Outcomes: 

After this activity, students will be able to: 

  • Build a visual model of research

  • Describe the research process in their own words

  • Relate their past experiences to an upcoming research project

Discipline: 
Multidisciplinary

Information Literacy concepts:

Individual or Group:

Course Context (e.g. how it was implemented or integrated): 

This activity is part of a larger class session focused on preparing students for their upcoming research projects. At this point in the semester students should have been introduced to a research project, but have not begun researching (or might not have chosen a topic). Students break up into groups of 3-4 students, depending on material availability. Each group receives a handful of construction materials (colored paper, play doh, magnetic tiles) to build a visual representation of research. Visual models should take 10-15 minutes to complete. At the end of the activity, the instructor brings the class together to discuss various visual models and how the models emulate the research process. (We first heard about the idea of creatively representing the research project from Marcela Y. Isuster from McGill University at LOEX 2019, this is inspired by their idea.)

Additional Instructor Resources (e.g. in-class activities, worksheets, scaffolding applications, supplemental modules, further readings, etc.): 

Hodge-Zickerman, A. Stade, E. York, C. S. and Rech, J. "TACTivities: Fostering Creativity through Tactile Learning Activities," Journal of Humanistic Mathematics, Volume 10 Issue 2 (July 2020), pages 377-390. DOI: 10.5642/jhummath.202002.17 . Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/vol10/iss2/17

Isuster, Marcela Y. “Master Manipulators: Using Manipulatives for Tactile and Kinesthetic Learning in the Information Literacy Classroom.” Workshop. LOEX 2019. http://www.loexconference.org/2019/sessions.html

Kuczala, Mike. Training in Motion : How to Use Movement to Create Engaging and Effective Learning. American Management Association, 2015.

Potential Pitfalls and Teaching Tips: 

Tips: 

Abstract materials (e.g. magnetic tiles, cut paper shapes) are more likely to contribute to abstract representations and descriptions of research. If the craft materials allow students more flexibility in creation (e.g. Play-doh, drawings), students might create more literal representations.  Post-it Notes can provide a way for students to add labels to their research models.

We’ve found success in taking pictures of students’ creations to share with the class, in future sessions, or with teaching colleagues.

Collaborators: 
Suggested Citation: 
Springmier, Kaitlin . "Visualizing Research." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2022. https://projectcora.org/assignment/visualizing-research.
Submitted by Sala Shierling on September 28th, 2021
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Short Description: 

This sample activity corresponds to a chapter in the upcoming (2022) ACRL title: Teaching Critical Reading Skills: Strategies for Academic Librarians.

Attachments: 
AttachmentSize
Critical Reading Activity Example - Activity 5 - Critically Reading the Author Indexdisplayed 799 times167.21 KB
Learning Outcomes: 

The student will apply practical critical reading skills in order identify key contributors and writings in the psychology discipline

Discipline: 
Psychology

Individual or Group:

Suggested Citation: 
Shierling, Sala. "Critically Reading the Pre-Source (Author Index)." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2021. https://projectcora.org/assignment/critically-reading-pre-source-author-index.
Submitted by Sala Shierling on September 28th, 2021
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Short Description: 

This sample activity corresponds to a chapter in the upcoming (2022) ACRL title: Teaching Critical Reading Skills: Strategies for Academic Librarians.

Learning Outcomes: 

The student will apply practical critical reading skills in order to distinguish primary and secondary empirical research studies. 

Discipline: 
Psychology

Individual or Group:

Suggested Citation: 
Shierling, Sala. "Critically Reading the Pre-Source (Abstract to determine secondary or primary research)." CORA (Community of Online Research Assignments), 2021. https://projectcora.org/assignment/critically-reading-pre-source-abstract-determine-secondary-or-primary-research.

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